{"id":4976,"date":"2024-03-05T10:12:09","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T18:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/?p=4976"},"modified":"2024-03-19T11:50:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T18:50:54","slug":"point-rustons-transformation-from-polluted-smelter-site-to-waterfront-destination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/2024\/03\/05\/point-rustons-transformation-from-polluted-smelter-site-to-waterfront-destination\/","title":{"rendered":"Point Ruston’s transformation from polluted smelter site to waterfront destination"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Tacoma Farmers Market at Point Ruston in August 2022. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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On a hot, sunny Sunday in August the Tacoma Farmers Market at Ruston drew hundreds of people who browsed through and bought produce, flowers, homemade baked goods, snacks, sauces, honey, clothing, quilts, and more. Families played on the sprayground in Ruston\u2019s Grand Plaza while others took advantage of the cool breezes coming off Commencement Bay to go for a stroll along the waterfront or a surrey ride over to Dune Peninsula Park.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Families at the Tacoma Farmers Market at Point Ruston in August 2022.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Although it might be hard to picture it now, Ruston was the location for a massive copper and arsenic-producing smelter operation for almost 100 years. In fact, the town of Ruston was named in honor of William Rust, the man who ran the smelter at the start of the 20th century. Ruston and the northeast part of Tacoma were shaped by the smelter and its pollution, and the subsequent cleanup and redevelopment of the area have transformed Point Ruston into a bustling destination for folks throughout the South Sound.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aerial photo of the ASARCO smokestack in 1973, courtesy of the Northwest Room at the Tacoma Public Library, image number 34254.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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History of the Tacoma smelter site<\/h2>

In 1889, the Tacoma Milling and Smelting Company opened on the southwest shore of Commencement Bay, where it processed the output of local lead mines. Later reorganized as the Tacoma Smelting and Refining Company under the leadership of William Rust, the company was sold in 1905 to the American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1890s photo of the smelter site by Isaac G. Davidson, courtesy of the Washington State Historical Society (Catalog ID: 1994.0.348). <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In 1912, ASARCO converted the Tacoma smelter to process copper exclusively. Arsenic often occurs naturally alongside precious metal ores, so the processing of those ores results in dusts and residues that contain arsenic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Photos of workers pouring ore at the smelter, courtesy of the Northwest Room at the Tacoma Public Library, image numbers 37892 and 11215; photo of arsenic in ore, courtesy of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In 1918, ASARCO constructed a 573-foot smokestack, the highest in the world at that time. Higher smokestacks were thought to disperse emissions into the upper atmosphere, where they would be less harmful. However, for over 70 years, pollution from the smelter and smokestack (known as a plume) eventually settled on more than 1,000 square miles of the Puget Sound area, adding arsenic and lead to the surface soil.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Map of areas affected by the smelter plume courtesy of the Washington State Department of Ecology; aerial photo of ASARCO smelter site courtesy of the University of Washington Tacoma.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The smelter eventually closed, in 1985, due to a combination of two factors: increasing awareness of the human and environmental harms of arsenic emissions (arsenic had been known as a probable carcinogen since the 1800s) and the declining price of copper in the mid-1980s.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

Prior to the plant\u2019s closing, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 1983, under the direction of William Ruckelshaus, had begun a process to make a regulatory decision\u00a0about the smelter that also involved the wider Tacoma community. The Superfund cleanup of the smelter site and the plume, in addition to parts of Commencement Bay and the Tacoma Tideflats<\/a>, has involved the EPA, the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department, several responsible parties, and Point Ruston, LLC.<\/p>

ASARCO began demolishing the Tacoma smelter facilities in 1990 and imploded the smokestack in 1993\u2014an event attended by more than 100,000 people, according to a January 18, 1993 story in <\/span><\/span>The News Tribune<\/span><\/span><\/em> (watch an unofficial video of the smokestack implosion here<\/a>). The company\u2019s cleanup of the site continued until 2005, when it declared bankruptcy.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The official poster for the demolition of the ASARCO smokestack on Jan. 17, 1993. Courtesy of the Washington State Historical Society (Catalog ID: 1999.1.222).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In 200<\/span>6<\/span>, ASARCO\u2019s bankruptcy settlement paid<\/span> $84<\/span> million toward the cleanup of the<\/span> smelter<\/span> site<\/span>, with <\/span>$29 million going to the EPA, <\/span>$50 million to Washington state, and $5 million to Metro<\/span> Parks Tacoma<\/span>. EPA <\/span>has <\/span>used those funds to continue the cleanup at the site<\/span>,<\/span> and<\/span> Ecology has used the funds paid to the state<\/span> to sample and replace contaminated soil in residential yards throughout the area of the smelter plume<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

During bankruptcy, ASARCO sold the former smelter property to Point Ruston, LLC, which has redeveloped the site into a waterfront village that includes residential and commercial buildings, green space, and a path that connects to both Dune Peninsula Park and Point Defiance Park. <\/span>In the settlement, Point Ruston agreed to cap the site and has been doing so concurrently with development<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

In the 1990s, when the EPA invited the community to take part in discussions to envision the future of the smelter site,\u00a0<\/span>Jim Merritt, FAIA, architect and principal with Merritt Arch PLLC (Merritt+Pardini at time of the project) in Tacoma, was hired by ASARCO, the City of Tacoma, the Town of Ruston, and Metro Parks Tacoma to lead the process to brainstorm ideas for the redevelopment of the smelter site. Merritt had worked on the rehabilitation of Tacoma Union Station and had experience with building consensus among diverse groups. Merritt recruited Owen Lang, a landscape architect\u2014then with Sasaki Associates in San Francisco\u2014to help with the process.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Merritt and his team set up at the Ruston School, then unoccupied, and used a couple old classrooms as their planning rooms. There, they held meetings with ASARCO, the City of Tacoma, the Town of Ruston, Metro Parks Tacoma, and different groups of residents. As Merritt explained, the initial meetings focused on brainstorming. \u201cWhen somebody said something, made a comment, I had these five-by-eight cards, and we put it up on the wall,\u201d he said. \u201cWe put everything up. It was an open discussion at the table.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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This planning document, courtesy of Merritt Arch PLLC, contains photos from the community planning meetings for the redevelopment of the smelter site.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reflecting on his experience, Merritt highlighted the importance of the partnerships and trust that allowed the redevelopment to move forward. \u201cThere were a lot of players involved\u2014it\u2019s not something that one person can take credit for. This was a huge team effort. I\u2019m thankful we had a chance to be a part of it.\u201d Merritt made special mention of the people who helped drive the visioning process: his colleague, Owen Lang; Tom Aldrich, then vice president for environmental affairs for ASARCO and manager of the Tacoma site; Michael Transue, mayor of the town of Ruston at the time; Karen Pickett, then project coordinator with ASARCO; the late Paul Miller, member of the Tacoma City Council; and the late Dave Nation, remediation manager with Hydrometrics.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Over the course of about six months, the group looked at alternative plans for the site and narrowed it down to a final vision. With Aldrich, Merritt presented the final plan to the ASARCO board of directors in New York, who voted to support the shared vision.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

What emerged from this collaborative process was a vision of a waterfront area full of life: residences, businesses, and areas for recreation along Commencement Bay. An April 10, 1994 story in <\/span>The News Tribune<\/span><\/i> outlines what Tacoma and Ruston residents wanted to see:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u201c\u2026a mix of office buildings, shops, and restaurants\u2026.rows of new condominiums lining the hillside above the shorefront\u2026.Imagine walking farther along the wide shorefront greenbelt that separates the office park from the water. You dodge the occasional cyclist and pass couples pushing strollers. After stopping for ice cream cones at a little stand near a dock where ships once unloaded ore, you continue toward today’s destination: the Metropolitan Park District’s stunning new 10-acre park on what used to be a barren, fenced-off slag pile.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dune Peninsula Park. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Thanks to community input and advocacy\u2014and the partnership between the EPA, Ecology, and others\u2014this vision has been fully realized. The Tacoma smelter site has been completely transformed from polluted industrial area to popular waterfront destination. Metro Parks Tacoma\u2019s Dune Peninsula Park, constructed with the help of EPA on the location of ASARCO\u2019s former slag pile, has won national awards for park design and is one of the most popular parks in Tacoma. Thousands of folks from around the region visit Point Ruston and the surrounding area each year to enjoy the green spaces and waterfront recreation offered there.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"Alluvion\" artwork, by Adam Kuby, at Dune Peninsula Park. \"Alluvion\" is meant to evoke the smelter smokestack that once stood nearby. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Point Ruston today<\/span><\/h2>

Many of the folks who come to visit Point Ruston do so because of its proximity to Commencement Bay and the recreational opportunities it offers. Diana Etheridge, a teacher from Marysville, came to Ruston with her friends to see Tacoma and spend some time by the water. \u201cI love the views and I love the outdoors,\u201d she said. \u201cI love being able to spend time outdoors, especially in summer.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Riding a surrey on the waterfront path by Point Ruston.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gary Rim, who, along with his family, came to Ruston from Puyallup for the day, said that he was born in Tacoma and loves the diversity of the area and the way people in the community support each other. He said he loves living here because of \u201cthe water accessibility, and the chance to see orcas every once in a while.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gary Rim.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Susie Nalivka and Steve Wachtler and their daughter live up the hill from Ruston and visit every week. \u201cHaving kids, it\u2019s the perfect place for families,\u201d said Susie. \u201cIt feels safe, there\u2019s a nice bike trail, there\u2019s the playground and the splash pad. The restaurants are nice, it\u2019s pretty much an ideal place.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Steve Wachtler, Susie Nalivka, and their daughter.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Liv and Jason Perez and their three kids were visiting Ruston from Kent for the second time in a month. The Perezes said they\u2019d visited Ruston to celebrate their anniversary and liked it so much that they wanted to come back with their whole family.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jason Perez, Liv Perez, and their three children. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cWhat they’ve done here at the Point is build such a sense of community,\u201d Liv said. \u201cIt\u2019s also kind of fresh and exciting and a place where you can spend all day and enjoy so many different aspects. You can enjoy the beach, the boardwalk, this water play pad, and having the market here is genius, too, with all the different restaurants. It’s really got a little bit of everything that can appeal to everyone in your family.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Jason added that what their family likes about Ruston is what they like about living in the Puget Sound region<\/a>. \u201c<\/span>I think it’s being able to go to places like this, to the beach and then, 15 minutes later, if you wanted to, we could go on a hike, and then right after that, we could take the kayak and the paddleboard out on the lake. I think it gives our kids a sense of adventure, that they have these different opportunities to see and try different things that you wouldn’t necessarily get to do in other parts of the country.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Children playing in the sprayground at Point Ruston's Grand Plaza.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In thinking about what he\u2019s seen happen over the last 30 years at the smelter site, Jim Merritt praised the process and the end result. \u201cWhen I go down there now, I enjoy it,\u201d he said. \u201cWhenever I do design work and see the finished product, I look at the people. How are they using the space? That\u2019s [Point Ruston LLC\u2019s] final site plan, and I always felt they hit the mark. It\u2019s just awesome.<\/span> <\/span>
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\u201cJust think, if we weren\u2019t able to get all the players together and get this process going, what would we have? Would there still be a fence around a dilapidated site? That may<\/span> happen too many times. And unfortunately, that is exactly how it could have stayed for decades. So experiencing the resulting outcome is the joy.\u201d<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Thanks to the following for their contributions to this article:<\/span>\u00a0Diana Etheridge, Gary Rim, S<\/span>usie and Steve\u00a0<\/span>Nalivka<\/span>, Liv and Jason Perez, Kristine Koch, <\/span>Piper Peterson, Suzanne\u00a0<\/span>Skadowski<\/span>, Rafi Ronquillo, Carolyn Huynh, Karen Pickett, and Jim Merritt.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ruston, near Tacoma, was the location for a massive copper and arsenic-producing smelter operation for almost 100 years. Ruston and the northeast part of Tacoma were shaped by the smelter and its pollution, and the subsequent cleanup and redevelopment of the area have transformed Point Ruston into a bustling destination for folks throughout the South Sound.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4971,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-q1-issue-2024"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Tacoma-Waterfront-79-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4976"}],"version-history":[{"count":214,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5408,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4976\/revisions\/5408"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/makingwaves.psp.wa.gov\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}